High blood pressure or hypertension is the amount of power that blood applies to the walls of the arteries when it flows.If a person has high blood pressure, the walls of the arteries are too high.
The increase in blood pressure is a fairly common disease, and in particular in women aged 40 years.
This disease manifests itself very slowly.At first, a person has weakness, bad sleep and dizziness.Then there is a quick fatigue, a blood rush towards the head, the fingers become numb and small "flies" flash before the eyes.
Reasons for the development of the disease
What reasons contribute to the formation of hypertension?The factors have not yet been fully studied which contribute to the increase in blood pressure, both in children and in adults.Now the following reasons can be distinguished:
- Emotional overflow, stress;
- age;
- Alcohol and smoking;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- consumption in large amounts of salt and in small liquids;
- diabetes mellitus;
- kidney disease;
- Excess weight;
- The use of certain drugs (for example, blood pressure in women increases when taking contraceptive drugs);
- Hereditary factors.
Symptoms
In recent years, hypertension has been much younger.In the case of constant stress, neurosis, inactive life, smoking, this disease affects young people and even children.
For increased pressure, the symptoms are as follows:
- overwork;
- headache;
- heart pain;
- Hypertensive crisis.
Consider in more detail each of the symptoms presented.
Overwork
The first signal you have of high blood pressure indicators is a condition that looks like overwork or a slight cold.The following symptoms occur:
- a certain irritability,
- drowsiness during the day
- sleep disturbances at night
- The impossibility will focus
- Redness of the eyeballs.
Most people do not take such demonstrations seriously, although completely in vain.Indeed, if the blood pressure at rest is in adults 140/90 mm Hg. Art.And in children 120/90 mm RT. Art., And there is also a tendency to the subsequent increase, we can discuss a light form of a hypertensive disease.
All men whose age exceeds 40 years (according to statistics, the development of hypertension in men is several times more often than in women), as well as people who are in danger (suffering from overweight, diabetics) must perform a regular measurement of blood pressure.
Headache
When the subsequent development of the disease is observed, then in hypertension, of the headaches of a painful and compressive nature begin to occur.With this symptom, opists can diagnose a change in eye day and the presence of atrophic processes in the retina.
The manifestations presented may indicate that there is increased intraocular pressure.Such a disorder can be a signal for serious vision diseases.
At rest, the blood pressure in adults is 160/100 mm Hg. Art., And in children 130/100 mm Hg. Art., Then, you must go urgent to a cardiologist and take special antihypertensive drugs.These blood pressure indicators are dangerous for health.
Heart pain in the heart
In combination with headaches, high pressure patients complain of pain attacks on the left side of the chest.The pain presented can give in the left hand and break the rhythm of the heart.
The symptoms presented may indicate that the increase in blood pressure has contributed to the formation of pathological changes in the coronary arteries and to the heart muscle.This must be included:
- coronary disease,
- chest pectoralis;
- An increase in the left ventricle, accompanied by a decrease in cardiac flow and the formation of heart failure.
In the case of timely therapy of increased pressure, the pathological processes in the heart are reversible, but the patient must lead a healthy lifestyle and take antihypertensive drugs.
Hypertensive crisis
When in the patient, hypertension occurs in medium and serious forms (blood pressure in adults reaches 160/100 mm Hg, and in children 130/100 mm Hg), hypertensive crises are formed.They occur due to a significant increase in pressure, unlike that usual.
Intracranial pressure symptoms
What signs are observed in a person with high intracranial pressure?First, you should understand that intracranial pressure is an excess or a lack of cerebrospinal fluid in a particular part of the skull, formed by a violation of its circulation.
An increase in symptoms of intracranial pressure in adults is as follows:
- deterioration of lateral and central vision;
- Benefit of the vision, "fog in the eyes";
- Swelling on the eyelids, face;
- noise in the ears, hearing loss;
- Frequent headache, gradually acquiring a constant character;
- Pain attacks at the top of the cervical vertebra, spinal cord;
- Quick splendor, a feeling of weakness.
The signs of intracranial pressure in children are as follows
- In newborns, there is an expansion of the seams, the dimensions of the head increase more quickly compared to the size of the body, the protruding police, the occurrence of strabismus.
- In preschool and school children, pain in the head, strabismus, lethargy, fatigue, irritability, high lighting sensitivity are observed.
Necessary therapy
The treatment of high pressure in adults and children is reduced to a decrease in all the factors that have caused this condition:
- reduction in excess weight;
- Compliance with normal daily routine, good sleep;
- Compliance with good nutrition, reduction in salt consumption;
- optimal consumption mode;
- a ban on tobacco, alcohol;
The use of certain drugs is compulsory for the treatment of high pressure.The appointment of the drug, its dosage should only be carried out by an experienced specialist and depends on the symptoms of the disease.
It is not possible to completely cure hypertension, but subject to the correct lifestyle and the implementation of all the prescriptions of hypertension, well-being, and it will be able to live a full normal life.
An increase in intraocular pressure cannot be cured only surgically.To maintain the normal state of the patient, they are prescribed diuretics and drugs that improve metabolic and hematopoietic processes.
Complications
According to doctors, people with hypertension are the most prone to arteriosclerosis.Therefore, they most often have a stroke and a heart attack.In the case of increased pressure, in children and adults, lameness can occur because the normal blood supply of the legs is disturbed.
The main problem of all the consequences is the pressure on the heart, following which it should work with an increased load.With this disease, the heart is unable to face an increased load, therefore a small and a large circle of blood circulation is disturbed.Consequently, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, the swelling of the members occur.The complications presented are the cause of death.
The next dangerous consequence of hypertension is brain complications.When increased pressure is observed in a person for a long time, punctual hemorrhages occur in the vessels of the retina.Such consequences lead to a violation of blood supply, which causes degeneration and retinopathy.All of this contributes to the dimensions of vision and blindness.
Preventive measures
If there is hereditary hypertension, it is necessary to constantly control your well and measure the pressure over time.In addition, it's necessary:
- observe good nutrition,
- reduce salt consumption,
- refuse alcohol,
- lead an active healthy lifestyle,
- Do not be subject to stressful situations.
Hypertension is a very dangerous disease.Despite the fact that most often high pressure affects not only women after forty years, this condition is characteristic of men and even children.Therefore, you do not need to think that a repeated increase in pressure is the standard.When the symptoms described above appear, you should be urgent to consultation with a cardiologist.